Basic English Key Words List 4 - ESL EFL Learning Lists

Basic English Key Words List 4 - ESL EFL Learning Lists Here is a list of 850 words that was developed by Charles K. Ogden, and released in 1930 with the book: Basic English: A General Introduction with Rules and Grammar. For more information about this list you can visit  Odgens Basic English  page. This list is an excellent starting point for building up a vocabulary which allows you to converse fluently in English. While this list is helpful for a strong beginning, more advanced vocabulary building will help you quickly improve your English.   These vocabulary books  will further help you build your vocabulary, especially at advanced levels. Nouns 1 - 200 1. angle2. ant3. apple4. arch5. arm6. army7. baby8. bag9. ball10. band11. basin12. basket13. bath14. bed15. bee16. bell17. berry18. bird19. blade20. board21. boat22. bone23. book24. boot25. bottle26. box27. boy28. brain29. brake30. branch31. brick32. bridge33. brush34. bucket35. bulb36. button37. cake38. camera39. card40. carriage41. cart42. cat43. chain44. cheese45. chess46. chin47. church48. circle49. clock50. cloud 51. coat52. collar53. comb54. cord55. cow56. cup57. curtain58. cushion59. dog60. door61. drain62. drawer63. dress64. drop65. ear66. egg67. engine68. eye69. face70. farm71. feather72. finger73. fish74. flag75. floor76. fly77. foot78. fork79. fowl80. frame81. garden82. girl83. glove84. goat85. gun86. hair87. hammer88. hand89. hat90. head91. heart92. hook93. horn94. horse95. hospital96. house97. island98. jewel99. kettle100. key 101. knee102. knife103. knot104. leaf105. leg106. library107. line108. lip109. lock110. map111. match112. monkey113. moon114. mouth115. muscle116. nail117. neck118. needle119. nerve120. net121. nose122. nut123. office124. orange125. oven126. parcel127. pen128. pencil129. picture130. pig131. pin132. pipe133. plane134. plate135. plough136. pocket137. pot138. potato139. prison140. pump141. rail142. rat143. receipt144. ring145. rod146. roof147. root148. sail149. school150. scissors 151. screw152. seed153. sheep154. shelf155. ship156. shirt157. shoe158. skin159. skirt160. snake161. sock162. spade163. sponge164. spoon165. spring166. square167. stamp168. star169. station170. stem171. stick172. stocking173. stomach174. store175. street176. sun177. table178. tail179. thread180. throat181. thumb182. ticket183. toe184. tongue185. tooth186. town187. train188. tray189. tree190. trousers191. umbrella192. wall193. watch194. wheel195. whip196. whistle197. window198. wing199. wire200. worm Basics (Verbs, Articles, Pronouns, Prepositions)

Looking At Social Work Theories And Methods Social Work Essay Essay Example

Looking At Social Work Theories And Methods Social Work Essay Essay Example Looking At Social Work Theories And Methods Social Work Essay Essay Looking At Social Work Theories And Methods Social Work Essay Essay This essay will dwell of four chief parts. In portion one the essay will give a brief debut and history to societal work theories and methods. Traveling frontward the essay will look at the importance and value of theories and methods in relation to societal work and how it informs pattern. Throughout, mention will be made to the most popular theoretician. Part two will see how societal work theories and methods can be successfully applied in the drug and intoxicant field. Given an overview of this, it will be necessary to show how two societal work methods are chosen, and applied, in the intercession of an illustration instance survey. Where applicable, parts from service users will be used to convey more insight and balance to the essay. Part three will be an analysis of a societal work method used in the illustration instance survey. From the method, the essay will research and measure, in deepness, the manner it underpins anti-discriminatory pattern. Part four of this essay will reason with a contemplation on how the pupil has gained a valuable cognition base throughout the faculty and assignment. This contemplation will besides demo how the pupil will utilize this cognition base in pattern. No contemplation would be complete without a concise expression at how brooding pattern can play a critical portion of future societal work pattern. An initial hazard appraisal was carried out by the referral worker, in the vena of a oppugning theoretical account to place possible hazards and dangers to staff and other service users, nevertheless as discussed by Smale, Tuson and Statham ( 2000 ) taking a strengths based attack would let referral workers and cardinal workers to work as confederates, easing service users to place demands and results. During intercession with Mr AB Sessionss, in the signifier of an exchange theoretical account, were carried out endeavouring that farther appraisal became a procedure of duologue instead than merely a fact happening mission with the exchanging of thoughts and information. This attack is compatible with the model of undertaking centered pattern, appropriate with this intercession ( Ford A ; Postle, 2000 ) Key work Sessionss started with Mr AB and from the beginning the procedure was explained and the aims made clear, it was besides explained to Mr AB that due to company policies, and his footings and conditions of stay in the dark shelter, these Sessionss were clip limited so a positive stoping to the professional relationship was hoped for. It was besides considered that this attack would cut down the power instability in the relationship ; nevertheless the power will neer be to the full balanced when working within legislative and multi bureau processs ( Parker A ; Bradley, 2008 ) However as stated by Dalymple A ; Burke ( 2000 ) it is necessary to endeavor to authorise instead so disempowere with the demand to equilibrate power relationships. In this case this can be evidenced by the written understandings in the signifier of the appraisal and support program . Weekly key worker Sessionss agreed to by Mr AB provided farther support as required and chance to reexamine whether coveted results were being achieved, as in the National Occupational Standards Key Role and outlined by Supporting Peoples and the bureau policy and processs ( ODPM, 2004 ) . ( Walker A ; Beckett, 2007 ) . It is besides necessary to non merely cod information as portion of the cardinal worker Sessionss but to equilibrate findings in order to bring forth an overall analysis of hazards and demand ( Walker A ; Beckett, 2007 ) . Throughout the assessment process it is necessary to be cognizant of the influences of moralss, power, and professionalism along with anti- oppressive pattern. Middleton ( 1997 ) states that in order to authorise, it is necessary to esteem the person, heighten their strengths and get bying abilities. It is hence critical that cardinal worker Sessionss be conducted with a non judgmental attitude. While admiting the key worker has different values and position to Mr AB demoing credence to people in all state of affairss can be hard nevertheless as stated in by Carl Rogers ( 1951, 1961 ) the human psychologist the individual should demo they are echt, and portray empathy and heat. It become evident as cardinal worker Sessionss continued that Mr AB was loath to prosecute with this service as he was in pre contemplation ( Denial ) ( Prowchaska A ; Di Clamentis 1996 ) . However, the menace of eviction if he did non adhere to his conditions of stay was a considerable concern to Mr AB as was the idea of going homeless and holding to kip rough. It is really of import to retrieve that as cardinal working intervenes in the lives of vulnerable people these people have the right non to be victims of unseasoned and possible harmful intercessions. This confirms the demand of understanding how theory relates to pattern and larning from research and grounds based pattern ( Rutter, 2006 ) This confirms Maslow ( 1970 ) who shows in his hierarchy of demand, that before higher demands can be met basic demands are required to be in topographic point. Therefore to let Mr AB to travel frontward in his life he requires support to get down a procces to set these demands in topographic point ( Giddens, 2006 ) . Mr AB during his cardinal work Sessionss discussed his feelings and it was felt by him that no chances were unfastened to him and that he was fighting against a society that was oppressive and maintaining him down. It was pointed out to Mr AB that his place in society was that of a lifestyle pick, that society is altering to back up people to come on and that picks were unfastened to him ( Giddens, 2006 ) ) . It is nevertheless necessary to admit as stated by Bronfenbrenner ( 1979 ) that different degrees of society will act upon the persons life class. Besides stated by Jack and Jack ( 2000 ) persons are merchandises of their environment and can neer be to the full understood individually from one another. As stated by Crawford A ; Walker ( 2005 ) passages have the possible to be nerve-racking even those that are planned and welcomed. As the intercession procedure progressed and the support program auctioned positive results including edifice on ego assurance which led to Mr AB seeking and procuring portion clip employment Doel ( 1994 ) states that service user motive may weaken and it was hence of import to go on back uping and promoting Mr AB S involvement and committedness to work. By following a theoretical account that worked with service users strengths helped to guarantee that an anti oppressive focal point was maintained. . Using undertaking centered pattern as discussed by Ford A ; Postle ( 2009 ) ends were set which would back up the researching and attention of classs which provide basic computing machine accomplishments, with the attainment of each end aimed to advance assurance and farther motive ( Rooney A ; Larsen, 1997 ) . Subsequently in this case the planned stoping and results have non been realized, with events finding an alternate class of action ( Walker A ; Beckett, 2007 ) . The first portion of this essay will lookA at the relationship between societal work methods and substance maltreatment Denial can besides be explained as a defense mechanism mechanism whichA is establishedA by aA individual when there is aA dangerA that heA or she will go cognizant of or actA onA unconsciousA primitive urges that areA unacceptableA ( Freud, 1967 ) . ) . Knatz ( 1999 ) states that denial is a defence mechanism by which persons are able to get by with unpleasant worlds. Be cognizant that the term alcoholism implies disease/condition.A IfA youA use the term alcohol addiction in assignments, be certain toA establishA that youA meanA to state alcoholism and non alcohol dependence ) . IfA youA useA generalA mentions around statistics on intoxicant, seek to mention to British statistics, you could utilize National Treatment Agency website studies, Office of National Statistics ( ONS ) , NICE guidelines on intervention of alcoholA dependencyA for British/UK informations, all available on line LetsA giveA theA wordA relationshipA a different definition from the lexicons, forA unlocking theA meaningA of theA wordA frequently leadsA to greater understanding.A -A tooA colloquial, would be better to province, The word relationship has varied definitions from different beginnings of literature. Conflict is aA partA of most every interpersonal relationship.A ThereforeA it could be stated that pull offing struggle, A is importantA if the relationship is to beA long-lastingA and rewarding.A Jason and Beth have legion struggles and barriers which prevent them from holding a more effectual relationship.A Interpersonal relationships and communicating ( is a bipartisan street ) , excessively conversational, say have mutualness Beth and Jason seemA to seldom communicateA between each other, aA furtherA factor which appears to lend to the decomposition of their relationship. It can give rise to greater anxiousness, depression, A insomnia, and general hurt, reducedA self-esteemA andA assurance, and sometimes disrupted household relationsA ( ( Fryer,1992 ; Jahoda,1982 ) . Bibliography Barber, G ( 2002 ) Social work with addiction.A Palgrave Macmillan, Hampshire Berger, G. ( 1993 ) , Alcoholism and theA family.A New York: Franklin Watts Conville, Richard ( 1998 ) The significance of relationship in interpersonal communication.A Praeger Publications.A Califonia. Heider, Fritz ( 1958 ) The Psychology of Interpersonal Relations.A LawrenceA ErlbaumA associates Jahoda, M ( 1982 ) Employment and Unemployment ( The Psychology of Social Issues ) .A Cambridge University Press Knatz, H ( 1999 ) Geting on Oxford Books.Oxford Levinger, G. ( 1983 ) .A Development and change.A Freeman and Company.San Francisco. Manstead, Antony S. R. and Miles Hewstone ( 1996 ) .A The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Social Psychology.A Blackwell Publishing, Oxford. Maslow, Abraham. ( 1954 ) Motivation and personality.A Harper and Row, New York. Steele, CM ( 1985 ) TheA psychologyA of bibulous excess.A London Press, London. West, Robert ( 2001 ) TheA theoryA of addiction.A Blackwell publication, Oxford. The rule countries of societal, disposal and societal workstudies include wellness issues and disposal, employment services, community attention, lodging demands, offense bar, disablement cheques, unemployment concerns, mental wellness, old age every bit good as societal issues of raceor gender and poorness ( Drake, 2001 ) . Social work pattern focuses on covering with the jobs of service users. The care and betterment of their societal, physical, and mental provinces is frequently dependent upon the effectivity of societal work intercession. ( Miller, 2005 ) A Supplying appropriatesocial services is an of import mark of societal attention policy and societal policyin general ( Adams, 2003 ) . Welfare is general good being of individualsand when provided by the State, refers to a signifier of societal security or societal protectionthat aims to protect people from conditions such as illness, sick wellness, diseases and poorness ( Malin et al 2002 ) Social work pattern has, over the old ages, become built-in to Britain s working life and current estimations put the figure of active societal workers in the state at significantly more than one million. ( Parrott, 2002 ) Social work pattern focuses on covering with the jobs of service users. The care and betterment of their societal, physical, and mental provinces is frequently dependent upon the effectivity of societal work intercession. ( Miller, 2005 ) Users of societal work services are mostly economically and/or socially disadvantaged, and the exposures, which arise from these fortunes, often contribute to the nature of their relationships with service suppliers. ( Miller, 2005 ) Social work makes usage of a wide scope of cognition and incorporates information obtained from several subjects ; it empowers societal workers in pattern to utilize their acquired cognition and accomplishments foremost to prosecute service users and so to convey about positive alterations in unwanted emotional provinces and behavioral attitudes, or in places of societal disempowerment. ( Miller, 2005 ) A Social work makes usage of a scope of accomplishments, methods, and actions that are aligned to its holistic concentration on persons and their environments. ( Harris, 2002 ) Counselling, whilst being a catch-all term, used for depicting of assorted professions, is, an of import constituent of societal work pattern. ( Rowland, 1993 ) Specific reding attacks have been developed to help people with jobs related to substance maltreatment, gluttony and for giving up smoking. ( Pease A ; Fook, 1999 ) In some countries of guidance, which deal with dependence, for illustration, with users of difficult drugs, counselors engaged in societal work pattern, map side by side, with sets of legal limitations and moral issues. ( Pease A ; Fook, 1999 ) A

Policy Paper To The European Commissioner Essay

Policy Paper To The European Commissioner - Essay Example The role of innovation can be found to be extremely significant in the area of the digital economy which seems to be the future of the economies of all developed and developing nations across the world. Innovation can be built up by mobilizing and allocating the available resources in the economy, and boosting creativity by forecasting and responding to the demands in the most value reaping and competitive manner. As such, the inclusion of the innovation factor in the aspects of all the growth drivers of the competition policy would help to enhance the effectiveness of the policies in the contemporary economic situations. Thus, it can be summarized from the above discussion that the innovations and modifications in the policies of the European Union, especially in the competition policies can act as critical drivers for the success of the economy in the contemporary environment. The factor of innovation can lead to added efficiency and impacts of the existing competition policy of th e Union and as such, distinct changes should be made in the competition policy as a way of delivering better results and negating the economic risks like market failures, redundancies in the economic constructs and competition distortions in the economy. However, the European Commission should make sure that the competition policies are formulated in a manner such that the aids can be provided to the entities functioning in the economy in a transparent, unbiased and nondiscriminatory manner and all the strategies.

Evaluate the extent to which the statement of financial position Essay

Evaluate the extent to which the statement of financial position allows potential investors to assess the security of their intended investment and to determine the true net worth of the business - Essay Example Financial statement position of a company have measurable characteristic and easily evaluated (Financial Review, 2015, 1). Statement of financial position has essential skill at various occupations such as corporate finance, credit extension, commercial lending and investment management. Individuals engaging such activities should analyze data connection with investment decision. The financial statement should conquer with generally acceptance accounting principles (GAAP) (Wiley and sons, 2015, p4). The statement of financial performance should provide information on revenue, expenses, other profit measures such as gross profit and net profit (Financial Review, 2015, 1). The above worked example has clearly indicated all the information, which an investor requires to know before making a judgment relating to investment. The investor should compare personal security with the information shown and come up with the conclusion. The information to focus on includes the sales revenue, expenses, gross profit and net profit. This information shows the base line of company and indicates the least amount required for an investor to start the business. The investor can easily attain the amount shown on the statement of financial position above (Financial Review, 2015, 1)... In some cases, the amount represented on the statement of financial position has higher amount for investor to attain. In such cases, the investor should avoid risking the security available rather than look for an alternative. An investor who does not follow the instruction and engage in such risky securities asset investments might incur loses if not careful. One should make decision first after comparing financial statement with the personal securities before investing. The above illustration shows that the amount represented on the statement of financial position has easier way of attainment in the current

Science Report About Education Process Essay Example for Free

Science Report About Education Process Essay There is one fact, and that is that children are curious about everything, and a good way of promoting this is by letting them find and explore new things in their daily lives and in the classroom. So it is essential for them to seek for answers and solve problems. I find it interesting how children are so true and honest about everything they do, for example, when they are looking for something in specific, they get engaged with it and encourage themselves to keep searching until they get the answers. So, if they do this in their daily lives, why not applying this in their learning basis? Children need to work with concrete activities, so that it is easier for them to motivate themselves and develop knowledge in the topic. If we want our students to have a positive attitude in each activity they develop during class, then as a teacher we must have it as well. As an educator, we have to be engaged with science, and we don’t need to be a biologist to work with it, we just have to make research about the topics, the materials used in class, what is appropriate to use in the classroom, and that sort of things. So as a teacher, it’s all right being messy, however we must be organized at all times. Something that I really captured about the reading is the importance of letting children learn with each activity by using their senses. I think the use of senses is probably the best way to provide a well elaborated work. Such as: letting them smell new natural smells, finger-play with different materials or by planting flowers or different vegetables, by looking at pictures and recognizing each element, and also by tasting maybe a vegetable (the teacher needs to do research about it), but still giving them the possibility of experimenting with each activity, and working concretely. Diversity is the key to working in and with science, so it is necessary and essential to bring science to the classroom to engage each student in discovering and building new ideas.

Sophocles Antigone †Comparing the Symbolic Alignment Utilized by Creo

Sophocles' Antigone – Comparing the Symbolic Alignment Utilized by Creon and President George Bush ... he who has not first laid his foundations may be able with great ability to lay them afterwards, but they will be laid with trouble to the architect and danger to the building. - The Prince by Machiavelli Sophocles addresses this very problem in his play Antigone by the methods Creon uses to rule Thebes. Creon begins ruling Thebes in a very difficult time and circumstance. The polis has been embroiled in tragedy for over a generation. Creon must rule the city and consolidate the Theban citizens behind him. He resorts to symbolic means to unite the people, but he goes too far-- he is unyielding in his adherence to the symbolic policy he adopts, and too late becomes aware that he is actually losing the people he tries to lead.Creon capitalizes on recent tragic events in Thebes to consolidate his power and legitimize his position. The latest war in Thebes was waged between two brothers-- Eteocles and Polyneices. Polyneices, the elder brother, was to have the throne; but Eteocles drove him out by convincing the people that Polyneices carried Oedipus' curse. Polyneices went to Argos and raised an army, then returned in order to drive Eteocles out and retake control of Thebes (Oedipus at Colonus 1532-5). In the ensuing battle, the brothers killed each other-- they "worked out their share in common death" (Antigone 162). Their strife is over. Polyneices' army has returned to Argos, leaving the kingship of Thebes to Creon.Creon has just come to power in a city that has had more than its share of grief: King Laius was murdered, then the Sphynx and a plague tormented the polis with death. Next, Oedipus discovered his own crime... ...e question is not unique the ancient Thebes, however, and it behooves us to examine Creon's methods and goals in light of current events. For example, President Bush is currently using the tragedy of the World Trade Center attacks last year to unite the American people... more importantly to unite them under his leadership. His approval ratings are sky-high, up in the 70th percentile, according to polls by Gallup, CNN, USAToday, Fox, the Christian Science Monitor, Time, and others (http://www.pollingreport.com/BushFav.htm). By making his policy one of "Good vs. Evil," he has polarized the conflict, and who wouldn't want to be on the side of the Good? This method is not inherently wrong or bad, but with it come many caveats, as Creon discovered, and as Machiavelli warns. Symbols can be useful tools, but like any good tool, they can be dangerous if used without care.

Adventures as an Exchange Student in Germany Essay

Deliberately placing yourself outside of your comfort zone will do one of two things; make you into a stronger better person, or cause you to shutdown and not accomplish the task at hand. While most high school juniors spend their year studying, excelling in sports, hanging out with friends, and thinking about colleges, I pushed my boundaries and embarked on the adventure of a lifetime. No, I did not go skydiving or join the US National Volleyball Team. I accepted the challenge of the Congress Bundestag Scholarship program to spend a year in Germany living, learning, and experiencing life in another land. The life skills and memories that I acquired in the past twelve months have put me a step ahead of my peers and shown me that if I put my mind to it, anything is possible. In October 2002 as I was sitting in my first year German class, my teacher recommended that I apply for what she called the ‘prestigious’ Congress Bundestag Scholarship to spend a year in Germany. Taking into consideration that I would have to leave everything I had going for me behind, made me a little leery of the idea. However, when I realized what an honor and opportunity it was to take part in an exchange, the mounds of paperwork seemed to shrink into a small homework assignment with a twist. After the final interview, reality hit me. I might actually spend a year in Germany! Along with the excitement came the panic: I can’t actually speak German. What should I pack? How do I say goodbye to everyone? What if I get homesick? Do the Germans really only shower once a week? These questions all came at once, and no matter how much I searched, the only answers I could find told me to wait and see. Before I knew it, I was boarding a 737 an route to Frankfurt with 60 of my new best friends who, like me had the courage to enter into the unknown and spend a year in Germany. It was this group of teenagers that I spent a month in language camp with trying to learn the basics about German life and culture. We were like infants who had to do 18 years of growing up in 30 days. We worked together trying to learn the basics such as learning to eat and trying to work a toilet; to understanding the most complicated issues such as diplomacy, political debate, and how to be an ambassador for America. During this time, I grew as a person, learning empathy for those  who were homesick and becoming open minded to people and activities that to me were not the norm or routine. Little did I know, these kids would be my lifelines in times of need. They could always relate to what I was experiencing, and they were also flying on the ‘roller coaster’ of emotions. When the time came to leave my new friends and move on, I was extremely excited to immerse myself into the German culture. The language, a new school, new friends, and a new family seemed like a dream come true, but in reality it turned into a nightmare. When my host family picked me up, we had a three-hour ride home. Make that a SILENT three hours without air conditioning and five people plus four suitcases crammed into a small Passat. At home, we unloaded the car and I went to see my new room. As I looked out of my window something white and black caught my eye, whoa cows less than ten feet from my window. I could not believe it, my organization said I would live in the country, but I did not realize that the next closest town was an hour away. As my stress level hit a high, my new host mom put me over the edge. She began to unpack my suitcases that were filled with unwrapped gifts for her and the family. It was at that point that I counted to ten and reminded myself that it was a different culture, and possibly that was one of their customs. The only problem was, my German skills were not good enough to politely ask her to stop. So she continued and I smiled and hoped my rocky start would smooth into a healthy open relationship. Three weeks later, I was getting into the swing of things. Going to school, riding my bike and the bus, making friends, and yes getting used to the smell of cows. I was adapting well, being responsible and beginning to understand the German spoken in school. I had gone beyond everyone else’s expectations and mine. Life was good, even though the Germans only showered twice a week. After the honeymoon phase was over, my host mother turned on me. She thought I was being disrespectful and not telling the truth, where as the problem was that I couldn’t fully understand what she was saying, causing a lack in  communication between us. When I realized this, I worked extra hard to regain her trust and persevere through what I perceived as a small bump in the road. When things worsened and I could no longer adapt to the situation, my community representative intervened and placed me with a new family. Even though my first host family was a challenge, the experience showed my true character. In the face of adversity, I was able to handle myself maturely and attempt to find a solution to the problem. It was not a failure by any means, but an opportunity to grow. Not only did I develop in times of trial and hardship, but I learned just as much in a nurturing situation. During the last six months of my stay in Germany I stayed with a truly wonderful family. I was treated as an adult, and I assumed full responsibility for myself. My host parents’ generosity of welcoming me into their heart and home made me appreciative of all I had accomplished in the last year, and encouraged me to give back. Through this pattern of giving and receiving I gained a sense of compassion and consideration for others. I surrounded my self with positive people which in turn brightened my spirits and reminded me that when the going gets tough an optimistic attitude can make a world of difference. When I boarded the plane at the end of my year there were only 52 of the original 60 students who completed the program. My commitment and perseverance helped me overcome adversity and succeed in a situation where the odds were against me. Not only did I accomplish the task at hand, but I had the time of my life while doing it. The rewards of spending a year abroad are endless, but I was most affected in a few ways. I learned compassion and acceptance first hand by being treated by others with kindness when I was down. I have become accountable beyond my age by being entrusted with responsibilities that are typically given to a person 22 and over. Now as I move on, I am better prepared for what awaits me. I have a whole new set of life skills and memories to keep in my quiver and use when called on. Pushing myself out of my comfort zone was the best thing I could have done, I was up to the challenge and I passed with flying colors.

Barack Obama ‘Yes We Can’ Essay

â€Å"Yes we can† is one of the most influential phrases in the speeches of barrack obama, But this 10-min speech blew me away. This was a scripted speech, and one of the best written and delivered I have seen in some time. this short speech had it all: simple but eloquent and powerful language, and a strong yet upbeat, friendly delivery. I think that Barack Obama’s Victory speech was extremely inspiring, motivating, and most of all in my opinion comforting to a rehabilitating nation in dire need. From the introduction of the speech one can clearly see that the tone of the speech is inspirational. The speech is about change, reaching for a higher purpose and uniting to solve the problems in America. Obama sums up his introduction when he states: â€Å"We are hungry for change and we are ready to believe again.† The listener is curious to find out what exactly needs to be changed? President elect Barack Obama uses a variety of techniques to address and unify his audience. He uses the unity word â€Å"we† and â€Å"you†repeatedly throughout the speech. He includes the people and make them a sense of being participants. Obama’s use of second person, directly making reference of his audience, â€Å"tonight is your answer†¦it belongs to you†¦it cannot happen without you† is cleverly employed to demonstrate the importance of the individual and how his victory and future effort to change America will rely on the efforts of the collective. In the mind of his audience, it is used to make people feel a sense of belonging, having their presence acknowledged. The message of the speech is â€Å"yes we can change, if you elect me.† Obama continually repeats this message as he wanted to drive it home to the audience. It is a classic technique in Obama’s victory speech making and in design as well. If there was one thing that they would remember from the speech it is that catch phrase or sound bite. Obama uses this catch phrase six times in the last three paragraphs! This repetition is used to†¦

German V-2 Rocket in World War II

German V-2 Rocket in World War II In the early 1930s, the German military began to seek out new weapons that would not violate the terms of the  Treaty of Versailles. Assigned to aid in this cause, Captain Walter Dornberger, an artilleryman by trade, was ordered to investigate the feasibility of rockets. Contacting the  Verein fà ¼r Raumschiffahrt  (German Rocket Society), he soon came in contact with a young engineer named Wernher von Braun. Impressed with his work, Dornberger recruited von Braun to aid in developing liquid-fueled rockets for the military in August 1932. The eventual result would be the worlds first  guided ballistic missile, the V-2 rocket. Originally known as the A4, the V-2 featured a range of 200 miles and a maximum speed of 3,545 mph. Its 2,200 pounds of explosives and liquid propellant rocket engine allowed Hitlers army to employ it with deadly accuracy. Design and Development Commencing work with a team of 80 engineers at Kummersdorf, von Braun created the small A2 rocket in late 1934. While somewhat successful, the A2 relied on a primitive cooling system for its engine. Pressing on, von Brauns team moved to a  larger facility at Peenemunde on the Baltic coast, the same facility that developed the V-1 flying bomb, and launched the first A3 three years later. Intended to be a smaller prototype of the A4 war rocket, the A3s engine nonetheless lacked endurance, and problems quickly emerged with its control systems and aerodynamics. Accepting that the A3 was a failure, the A4 was postponed while the problems were dealt with using the smaller A5. The first major issue to be addressed was constructing an engine powerful enough to lift the A4. This became a seven-year development process that led to the invention of new fuel nozzles, a pre-chamber system for mixing oxidizer and propellant, a shorter combustion chamber, and a shorter exhaust nozzle. Next, designers were forced to create a guidance system for the rocket that would allow it to reach the proper velocity before shutting off the engines. The result of this research was the creation of an early inertial guidance system, which would allow the A4 to hit a city-sized target at a range of 200 miles. As the A4 would be traveling at supersonic speeds, the team was forced to conduct repeated tests of possible shapes. While supersonic wind tunnels were built at Peenemunde, they were not completed in time to test the A4 before being put into service, and many of the aerodynamic tests were conducted on a trial and error basis with conclusions based on informed guesswork. A final issue was developing a radio transmission system that could relay information about the rockets performance to controllers on the ground. Attacking the problem, the scientists at Peenemunde created one of the first telemetry systems to transmit data. Production and a New Name In the early days of  World War II, Hitler was not particularly enthusiastic about the rocket program, believing that the weapon was simply a more expensive artillery shell with a longer range. Eventually, Hitler did warm to the program, and on December 22, 1942, authorized the A4 to be produced as a weapon. Though production was approved, thousands of changes were made to the final design before the first missiles were completed in early 1944. Initially, production of the A4, now re-designated the V-2, was slated for Peenemunde, Friedrichshafen, and Wiener Neustadt, as well as several smaller sites. This was changed in late 1943 after Allied bombing raids against Peenemunde and other V-2 sites erroneously led the Germans to believe their production plans had been compromised. As a result, production shifted to underground facilities at Nordhausen (Mittelwerk) and Ebensee. The only plant to be fully operational by wars end, the Nordhausen factory utilized slave labor from the nearby Mittelbau-Dora concentration camps. It is believed that around 20,000 prisoners died while working at the Nordhausen plant, a number that far exceeded the number of casualties inflicted by the weapon in combat. During the war, over 5,700 V-2s were built at various facilities. Operational History Originally, plans called for the V-2 to be launched from massive blockhouses located at Éperlecques and La Coupole near the English Channel. This static approach was soon scrapped in favor of mobile launchers. Traveling in convoys of 30 trucks, the V-2 team would arrive at the staging area where the warhead was installed and then tow it to the launch site on a trailer known as a Meillerwagen. There, the missile was placed on the launch platform, where it was armed, fueled, and the gyros set. This set-up took approximately 90 minutes, and the launch team could clear an area in 30 minutes after launch. Thanks to this highly successful mobile system, up to 100 missiles a day could be launched by German V-2 forces. Also, due to their ability to stay on the move, V-2 convoys were rarely caught by Allied aircraft. The first V-2 attacks were launched against Paris and London on September 8, 1944. Over the next eight months, a total of 3,172 V-2 were launched at Allied cities, including London, Paris, Antwerp, Lille, Norwich, and Liege. Due to the missiles ballistic trajectory and extreme speed, which exceeded three times the speed of sound during descent, there was no existing and effective method for intercepting them. To combat the threat, several experiments using radio jamming (the British erroneously thought the rockets were radio-controlled) and anti-aircraft guns were conducted. These ultimately proved fruitless. V-2 attacks against English and French targets only decreased when Allied troops were able to push back Germans forces and place these cities out of range. The last V-2-related casualties in Britain occurred on March 27, 1945. Accurately placed V-2s could cause extensive damage and over 2,500 were killed and nearly 6,000 wounded by the missile. Despite these casualties, the rockets lack of a proximity fuse reduced losses as it frequently buried itself in the target area before detonating, which limited the effectiveness of the blast. Unrealized plans for the weapon included the development of a submarine-based variant as well as the construction of the rocket by the Japanese. Postwar Highly interested in the weapon, both American and Soviet forces scrambled to capture existing V-2 rockets and parts at the end of the war. In the conflicts final days, 126 scientists who had worked on the rocket, including von Braun and Dornberger, surrendered to American troops and assisted in further testing the missile before coming to the United States. While American V-2s were tested at the White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico, Soviet V-2s were taken to Kapustin Yar, a  Russian rocket launch and development site two hours east of Volgograd. In 1947, an experiment called Operation Sandy was conducted by the US Navy, which saw the successful launch of a V-2 from the deck of the  USS Midway (CV-41). Working to develop more advanced rockets, von Brauns team at White Sands used variants of the V-2 up until 1952. The worlds first successful large, liquid-fueled rocket, the V-2 broke new ground and was the basis for the rockets later used in the American and Soviet space progra ms.

Battle of Balaclava in the Crimean War

Battle of Balaclava in the Crimean War The Battle of Balaclava was fought October 25, 1854, during the Crimean War (1853-1856) and was part of the larger Siege of Sevastopol. Having landed at Kalamita Bay in September, the Allied army had commenced a slow advance on Sevastopol. When the Allies elected to lay siege to the city rather than mount a direct assault, the British found themselves responsible for defending the eastern approaches to the area including the key port of Balaclava. Lacking sufficient men for this task, they soon came under attack from Prince Aleksandr Menshikovs forces. Advancing under the command of General Pavel Liprandi, the Russians were initially able to push back British and Ottoman forces near Balaclava. This advance was finally halted by a small infantry force and the Heavy Brigade of the Cavalry Division. The battle ended with the famed charge of the Light Brigade which came about due to a series of misinterpreted orders. Fast Facts: Battle of Balaclava Conflict: Crimean War (1853-1856)Dates: October 25, 1854Armies Commanders:AlliesLord Raglan20,000 British, 7,000 French, 1,000 OttomanRussiansGeneral Pavel Liprandi25,000 men78 gunsCasualties:Allies: 615 killed and woundedRussia: 627 killed and wounded Background On September 5, 1854, the combined British and French fleets departed the Ottoman port of Varna (in present-day Bulgaria) and moved towards the Crimean Peninsula. Nine days later, Allied forces began landing on the beaches of Kalamita Bay approximately 33 miles north of the port of Sevastopol. Over the next several days, 62,600 men and 137 guns came ashore. As this force commenced its march south,  Prince Aleksandr Menshikov sought to halt the enemy at the Alma River. Meeting  at the Battle of the Alma on September 20, the Allies won a victory over the Russians and continued their advance south towards Sevastopol. Field Marshal Fitzroy Somerset, 1st Baron Raglan. Library of Congress Though the British commander, Lord Raglan, favored a swift pursuit of the beaten enemy, his French counterpart, Marshal Jacques St. Arnaud, preferred a more sedate pace (Map). Slowly moving south, their tardy progress gave Menshikov time to prepare defenses and re-form his beaten army. Passing inland of Sevastopol, the Allies sought to approach the city from the south as naval intelligence suggested the defenses in this area were weaker than those in the north. This move was endorsed by noted engineer Lieutenant General John Fox Burgoyne, son of General John Burgoyne, who was serving as an advisor to Raglan. Enduring a difficult march, Raglan and St. Arnaud elected to lay siege rather than directly assault the city. Though unpopular with their subordinates, this decision saw work begin on siege lines. To support their operations, the French established a base on the west coast at Kamiesh, while the British took Balaclava in the south. The Allies Establish Themselves By occupying Balaclava, Raglan committed the British to defending the Allies right flank, a mission that he lacked the men to accomplish effectively. Located outside of the main Allied lines, work began on providing Balaclava with its own defensive network. To the north of the city were heights which descended into the South Valley. Along the northern edge of the valley were the Causeway Heights across which ran the Woronzoff Road which provided a vital link to the siege operations at Sevastopol. To protect the road, Turkish troops began building a series of redoubts beginning with Redoubt No. 1 in the east on Canroberts Hill. Above the heights was the North Valley which was bounded by the Fedioukine Hills to the north and the Sapounà © Heights to the west. To defend this area, Raglan had only Lord Lucans Cavalry Division, which was camped at the western end of the valleys, the 93rd Highlanders, and a contingent of Royal Marines. In the weeks since Alma, Russian reserves had reached the Crimea and Menshikov began planning a strike against the Allies. The Russians Rebound Having evacuated his army east as the Allies approached, Menshikov entrusted the defense of Sevastopol to Admirals Vladimir Kornilov and Pavel Nakhimov. A savvy move, this allowed the Russian general to continue maneuvering against the enemy while also receiving reinforcements. Gathering around 25,000 men, Menshikov instructed General Pavel Liprandi to move to strike Balaclava from the east. Capturing the village of Chorgun on October 18, Liprandi was able to reconnoiter the Balaclava defenses. Developing his plan of attack, the Russian commander intended for a column to take Kamara in the east, while another attacked the eastern end of Causeway Heights and nearby Canroberts Hill. These assaults were to be supported by Lieutenant General Ivan Ryzhovs cavalry while a column under Major General Zhabokritsky moved onto the Fedioukine Heights. Commencing his attack early on October 25, Liprandis forces were able to take Kamara and overwhelmed the defenders of Redoubt No. 1 on Canroberts Hill. Pressing forward, they succeeded in taking Redoubts Nos. 2, 3, and 4, while inflicting heavy losses on their Turkish defenders. Witnessing the battle from his headquarters on the Sapounà © Heights, Raglan ordered the 1st and 4th Divisions to leave the lines at Sevastopol to aid the 4,500 defenders at Balaclava. General Franà §ois Canrobert, commanding the French army, also sent reinforcements including the Chasseurs dAfrique. Clash of the Cavalry Seeking to exploit his success, Liprandi ordered forward Ryzhovs cavalry. Advancing across the North Valley with between 2,000 to 3,000 men, Ryzhov crested the Causeway Heights before spotting Brigadier General James Scarletts Heavy (Cavalry) Brigade moving across his front. He also saw the Allied infantry position, consisting of the 93rd Highlands and the remnants of the Turkish units, in front of the village of Kadikoi. Detaching 400 men of the Ingermanland Hussars, Ryzhov ordered them to clear the infantry. The Thin Red Line, oil on canvas, by Robert Gibb, 1881. National War Museum of Scotland Riding down, the hussars were met with a furious defense by the Thin Red Line of the 93rd. Turning the enemy back after a few volleys, the Highlanders held their ground. Scarlett, spotting Ryzhovs main force on his left, wheeled his horsemen and attacked. Halting his troops, Ryzhov met the British charge and worked to envelop them with his larger numbers. In a furious fight, Scarletts men were able to drive back the Russians, forcing them to retreat back over the heights and up the North Valley (Map). Charge of the Heavy Cavalry Brigade at Balaclava. Library of Congress Confusion Retreating across the front of the Light Brigade, its commander, Lord Cardigan, did not attack as he believed his orders from Lucan required him to hold his position. As a result, a golden opportunity was missed. Ryzhovs men halted at the east end of the valley and reformed behind a battery of eight guns. Though his cavalry had been repulsed, Liprandi had infantry and artillery on the eastern part of the Causeway Heights as well as Zhabokritskys men and guns on the Fedioukine Hills. Desiring to retake the initiative, Raglan issued Lucan a confusing order to attack on two fronts with infantry support. As the infantry had not arrived, Raglan did not advance but did deploy the Light Brigade to cover the North Valley, while the Heavy Brigade protected the South Valley. Increasingly impatient at Lucans lack of activity, Raglan dictated another vague order instructing the cavalry to attack around 10:45 AM. Delivered by hot-headed Captain Louis Nolan, Lucan was confused by Raglans order. Growing angry, Nolan insolently stated that Raglan desired an attack and began indiscriminately pointing up the North Valley towards Ryzhovs guns rather than to the Causeway Heights. Angered by Nolans behavior, Lucan sent him away rather than question him further. Charge of the Light Brigade Riding to Cardigan, Lucan indicated that Raglan desired him to attack up the valley. Cardigan questioned the order as there were artillery and enemy forces on three sides of the line of advance. To this Lucan replied, But Lord Raglan will have it. We have no choice but to obey. Mounting up, the Light Brigade moved off down the valley as Raglan, able to see the Russian positions, watched in horror. Charging forward, the Light Brigade was hammered by the Russian artillery losing nearly half its strength before it reached Ryzhovs guns. Charge of the Light Cavalry Brigade at Balaclava. Public Domain Following to their left, the Chasseurs dAfrique swept along Fedioukine Hills driving off the Russians, while the Heavy Brigade moved in their wake until Lucan halted them to avoid taking more losses. Battling around the guns, the Light Brigade drove off some of the Russian cavalry, but was compelled to retreat when they realized that no support was forthcoming. Nearly surrounded, the survivors fought their back up the valley while under fire from the heights. The losses incurred in the charge prevented any additional action by the Allies for the rest of the day. Aftermath The Battle of Balaclava saw the Allies suffer 615 killed, wounded, and captured, while the Russians lost 627. Prior to the charge, the Light Brigade possessed a mounted strength of 673 men. This was reduced to 195 after the battle, with 247 killed and wounded and the loss of 475 horses. Short on men, Raglan could not risk further assaults on the heights and they remained in Russian hands. Though not the complete victory that Liprandi had hoped for, the battle severely restricted Allied movement to and from Sevastopol. The fighting also saw the Russians assume a position closer to the Allied lines. In November, Prince Menshikov would use this advanced location to launch another attack that resulted in the Battle of Inkerman. This saw the Allies win a key victory that effectively broke the fighting spirit of the Russian army and put 24 of the 50 battalions engaged out of action.

Fire investigation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Fire investigation - Essay Example Basic research indicates that preventing ignition fire control process and the separation of individuals from the harmful effects of fire by means of distance, time or shielding forms the three basic directions to ensure life safety, (CUNNY, 2009). Time as a factor in fire situation leads to the building up of smoke and heat thereby creating a hazardous environment and its effect may not be concretely predicted owing to multiple environmental and human variables, (Coleman, 1997). Three sets of conditions define time related effects on a fire situation inclusive of; toxic conditions, elevated environmental temperatures and current or pre-existing psycho-physiological attributes of the premises occupants. It is also imperative to note that the time interval between fire discovery and preventive action by the occupants is critical to the resulting effects. Evacuation of occupants and/or Fire extinguishment and confinement forms are fundamental actions that follow fire detection, (Coleman, 1997). The cause and outcome of a fire is greatly impacted by individual characteristics of those involved as people tend to react differently to similar emergency situations. People’s reaction during fires is affected by individual actions and therefore individual threat perception. Age forms a fundamental individual characteristic that adequately affect reaction to individual conditions as for example, the elderly or very young individuals may be less able to cope with the effects of fire, (CUNNY, 2009). Therefore, comparative to their counterparts of middle ages who are of normal physique, the fatality rate of these two age groups remains grater during fires, (USFA, 2009). Respiratory capacity of individuals may also affect the rate of fatalities in cases of fire hazards. Since majority of fires result into smoke inhalation, individuals with poor respiratory capacity may be unable to

Is the current government policy and legislation towards older people Essay

Is the current government policy and legislation towards older people going to meet their health and wellbeing needs, now and in the future - Essay Example This is via colossal funding of their care institutions, hospitals and somehow intervening in the end time services, which entail spirituality. Mainly, this is evident in the care centers; both the private and the public (Jeary, 2005). Contrary to all this efforts, the state has invested to ensure sound living of their elderly, the condition of their regulations and policies have proved quite divergent to their expectations. Since the population is rapidly augmenting annually whereas, those responsible to care for the elderly fail in their responsibilities (Eriksson, Asplund & Sellstrà ¶m, 2010, p. 1322). Numerous evils and abuses against the elderly are emanating from the caregivers, that encompass neglect, segregation, both sexual and physical assaults. These have culminated to mysterious deaths resulting from the absence of administering medications, beating and neglect. These cases’ causes have proved to numerous investigations as unconquerable, since those who undertake these vices are close people behind the masks of loving relatives. Hence, has rendered UK Legislations and other reinforcements inadequate to ensure sound elderly wellbeing now and in future (Jeary, 2005). Wellbeing normally assumes three approaches that encompass psychological, bodily and social setting, but their soundness does not imply the absence of sickness and other related maladies (Anneyce, 2011). Psychosomatic approach entails mind aspects where an individual experiences peace and does not have conflicting memories. Uncontrolled memories or thoughts usually yield to mental disorders that may render one incapacitated. Since, they normally lead to stress or prolonged depression, hence prompting an individual live happiness deprived life. Peaceful mind normally emanates from the sound spirituality of an individual, which also comprises one approach of psychological